Articles

Ultra-high-field 7-T MRI in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases: from pathology to clinical practice

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), for investigating the disease pathophysiology, and for discriminating MS from other neurological diseases. Ultr...

Authors: Nicolo’ Bruschi, Giacomo Boffa and Matilde Inglese

7-T MRI of explanted liver and ex-vivo pancreatic specimens: prospective study protocol of radiological-pathological correlation feasibility (the EXLIPSE project)

The study focuses on radiological-pathological correlation between imaging of ex vivo samples obtained by a 7-T scanner and histological examination. The specimens will be derived from native explanted cirrhotic ...

Authors: Rosa Cervelli, Matteo Cencini, Guido Buonincontri, Francesco Campana, Andrea Cacciato Insilla, Giacomo Aringhieri, Paolo De Simone, Ugo Boggi, Daniela Campani, Michela Tosetti and Laura Crocetti

7-T MRI tracking of mesenchymal stromal cells after lung injection in a rat model

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are able to migrate and engraft at sites of inflammation, injuries, and tumours, but little is known about their fate after local injection. The purpose of this study is to per...

Authors: Stefania Rizzo, Francesco Padelli, Elena Rinaldi, Daniela Gioeni, Domenico Aquino, Stefano Brizzola, Fabio Acocella, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Fulvio Baggi, Massimo Bellomi, Maria Grazia Bruzzone and Francesco Petrella

Contamination inside CT gantry in the SARS-CoV-2 era

We investigated whether the internal gantry components of our computed tomography (CT) scanner contain severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA), bacterial or fungal agents. From 1 t...

Authors: João Matos, Francesco Paparo, Marco Mori, Alessio Veneziano, Marina Sartini, Maria Luisa Cristina and Gian Andrea Rollandi

Response to: Abdominal CT: a radiologist-driven adjustment of the dose of iodinated contrast agent approaches a calculation per lean body weight

Authors: Kris A. Peet

Reply to Letter to Editor: Abdominal CT: a radiologist-driven adjustment of the dose of iodinated contrast agent approaches a calculation per lean body weight

Authors: Moreno Zanardo and Giovanni Di Leo

Impact of iodine concentration and scan parameters on image quality, contrast enhancement and radiation dose in thoracic CT

We investigated the impact of varying contrast medium (CM) densities and x-ray tube potentials on contrast enhancement (CE), image quality and radiation dose in thoracic computed tomography (CT) using two diff...

Authors: Marian S. Solbak, Mette K. Henning, Andrew England, Anne C. Martinsen, Trond M. Aaløkken and Safora Johansen

3D cone-beam CT with a twin robotic x-ray system in elbow imaging: comparison of image quality to high-resolution multidetector CT

Elbow imaging is challenging with conventional multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), while cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides superior options. We compared intra-individually CBCT versus MDCT image quality in cadav...

Authors: Jan-Peter Grunz, Andreas Max Weng, Andreas Steven Kunz, Maike Veyhl-Wichmann, Rainer Schmitt, Carsten Herbert Gietzen, Lenhard Pennig, Stefan Herz, Süleyman Ergün, Thorsten Alexander Bley and Tobias Gassenmaier

2D perfusion DSA with an open-source, semi-automated, color-coded software for the quantification of foot perfusion following infrapopliteal angioplasty: a feasibility study

Foot perfusion has been recently implemented as a new tool for optimizing outcomes of peripheral endovascular procedures. A custom-made, two-dimensional perfusion digital subtraction angiography (PDSA) algorit...

Authors: George C. Kagadis, Stavros Tsantis, Ilias Gatos, Stavros Spiliopoulos, Konstantinos Katsanos and Dimitris Karnabatidis

Effect of CT imaging on the accuracy of the finite element modelling in bone

The finite element (FE) analysis is a highly promising tool to simulate the behaviour of bone. Skeletal FE models in clinical routine rely on the information about the geometry and bone mineral density distrib...

Authors: Emir Benca, Morteza Amini and Dieter H. Pahr

Automatic lung segmentation in routine imaging is primarily a data diversity problem, not a methodology problem

Automated segmentation of anatomical structures is a crucial step in image analysis. For lung segmentation in computed tomography, a variety of approaches exists, involving sophisticated pipelines trained and ...

Authors: Johannes Hofmanninger, Forian Prayer, Jeanny Pan, Sebastian Röhrich, Helmut Prosch and Georg Langs

Correction to: Best MRI sequences for identifying axillary lymph node markers in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an inter-reader observational study

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Naziya Samreen, Asha A. Bhatt, Kalie Adler, Shannon Zingula and Katrina N. Glazebrook

Image-based biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system

Finite element modeling is a precious tool for the investigation of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. A key element for the development of anatomically accurate, state-of-the art finite element m...

Authors: Fabio Galbusera, Andrea Cina, Matteo Panico, Domenico Albano and Carmelo Messina

Musculoskeletal MRI at 7 T: do we need more or is it more than enough?

Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) provides important diagnostic improvements in musculoskeletal imaging. The higher signal-to-noise ratio leads to higher spatial and temporal resolution whi...

Authors: Giacomo Aringhieri, Virna Zampa and Michela Tosetti

DBT-galactography: a promising tool for improving the diagnostic workup of nipple discharge

Our aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-galactography with that of full-field digital (FFD)-galactography for detecting intraductal breast lesions using an intra...

Authors: Marco Moschetta, Vincenzo De Ruvo, Angelica Drago, Nicoletta Troiano, Simona Paolicelli, Giuseppe Rubini, Amato Antonio Stabile Ianora and Michele Telegrafo

Multiexponential T2 relaxometry of benign and malignant adipocytic tumours

We investigated a recently proposed multiexponential (Mexp) fitting method applied to T2 relaxometry magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of benign and malignant adipocytic tumours and healthy subcutaneous fa...

Authors: Katerina Nikiforaki, Georgios S. Ioannidis, Eleni Lagoudaki, Georgios H. Manikis, Eelco de Bree, Apostolos Karantanas, Thomas G. Maris and Kostas Marias

Classifying the diagnosis of study participants in clinical trials: a structured and efficient approach

A challenge in imaging research is a diagnostic classification of study participants. We hypothesised that a structured approach would be efficient and that classification by medical students, residents, and a...

Authors: Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Merel L. J. Bouwman, Hind J. M. Suhooli, Sascha L. Heckert, Jaap Stoker, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt and Jan M. Prins

Radiographic analysis and virtual cleaning of a bioarchaeological remain enclosed in mineral deposits from a limestone cave

In limestone caves, environmental processes often cause alterations of human or animal skeletal remains, complicating classical analytical methods. Exemplary, a proximal femoral skeletal fragment, enclosed by ...

Authors: Patrick E. Eppenberger, Mislav Čavka, Siniša Radović, Dalibor Paar, Nenad Buzjak, James C. M. Ahern, Philipp Biedermann, Philipp Gruber, Mario Novak and Ivor Janković

Average absorbed breast dose (2ABD): an easy radiation dose index for digital breast tomosynthesis

To propose a practical and simple method to individually evaluate the average absorbed dose for digital breast tomosynthesis.

Authors: Antonio C. Traino, Patrizio Barca, Rocco Lamastra, Raffaele M. Tucciariello, Chiara Sottocornola, Carolina Marini, Giacomo Aringhieri, Davide Caramella and Maria E. Fantacci

Heavy metal in radiology: how to reliably differentiate between lodged copper and lead bullets using CT numbers

The in situ classification of bullets is of interest in forensic investigations when the bullet cannot be removed. Although computed tomography (CT) is usually performed on shooting victims, visual assessment, or...

Authors: Dominic Gascho, Niklaus Zoelch, Henning Richter, Alexander Buehlmann, Philipp Wyss, Michael J. Thali and Sarah Schaerli

Transcatheter drug delivery through bronchial artery for COVID-19: is it fiction or could it come true?

More than 1,200 active or recruiting clinical trials for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments and vaccines are registered. Many drugs have shown promise for treatment of COVID-19. Nevertheless,...

Authors: Mohamed M. A. Zaitoun, Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha and Ali Hassan Elmokadem

Optimization of quantitative time-resolved 3D (4D) digital subtraction angiography in a porcine liver model

Time-resolved three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) can be used to quantify blood velocity. Contrast pulsatility, a major discriminant on 4D-DSA, is yet to be optimized. We investigated th...

Authors: Ece Meram, Gabe Shaughnessy, Colin Longhurst, Carson Hoffman, Martin Wagner, Charles A. Mistretta, Michael A. Speidel and Paul F. Laeseke

Evaluation of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using quantitative lung CT and clinical data: prediction of short-term outcome

Computed tomography (CT) enables quantification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, helping in outcome prediction.

Authors: João Matos, Francesco Paparo, Ilaria Mussetto, Lorenzo Bacigalupo, Alessio Veneziano, Silvia Perugin Bernardi, Ennio Biscaldi, Enrico Melani, Giancarlo Antonucci, Paolo Cremonesi, Marco Lattuada, Alberto Pilotto, Emanuele Pontali and Gian Andrea Rollandi

Computed tomography for myocardial characterization in ischemic heart disease: a state-of-the-art review

This review provides an overview of the currently available computed tomography (CT) techniques for myocardial tissue characterization in ischemic heart disease, including CT perfusion and late iodine enhancem...

Authors: M. van Assen, M. Vonder, G. J. Pelgrim, P. L. Von Knebel Doeberitz and R. Vliegenthart

Best MRI sequences for identifying axillary lymph node markers in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an inter-reader observational study

We assessed confidence in visualization of markers within metastatic axillary lymph nodes (LNs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which were placed post-ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy.

Authors: Naziya Samreen, Asha A. Bhatt, Kalie Adler, Shannon Zingula and Katrina N. Glazebrook

Association of quadriceps muscle, gluteal muscle, and femoral bone marrow composition using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI: a preliminary study in healthy young volunteers

We investigated the composition of the gluteal (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus) and quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius) muscle groups and its associations with femora...

Authors: Michael Dieckmeyer, Florian Zoffl, Lioba Grundl, Stephanie Inhuber, Sarah Schlaeger, Egon Burian, Claus Zimmer, Jan S. Kirschke, Dimitrios C. Karampinos, Thomas Baum and Nico Sollmann

Initial damage produced by a single 15-Gy x-ray irradiation to the rat calvaria skin

Calvaria skin has a reduced thickness, and its initial damage produced by irradiation was scarcely reported. We aimed to identify the initial effects of x-ray irradiation in the rat calvaria skin.

Authors: Matheus da Silva Santin, José Koehler, Danilo Massuia Rocha, Camila Audrey dos Reis, Nadia Fayez Omar, Yasmin Fidler, Maria Albertina de Miranda Soares and José Rosa Gomes

Modelling the skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT: a proof-of-concept study in a rat model

Skeletal muscle injury characterisation during healing supports trauma prognosis. Given the potential interest of computed tomography (CT) in muscle diseases and lack of in vivo CT methodology to image skeletal m...

Authors: Bruno Paun, Daniel García Leon, Alex Claveria Cabello, Roso Mares Pages, Elena de la Calle Vargas, Paola Contreras Muñoz, Vanessa Venegas Garcia, Joan Castell-Conesa, Mario Marotta Baleriola and Jose Raul Herance Camacho

Monitoring treatment effects in lung cancer-bearing mice: clinical CT and clinical MRI compared to micro-CT

Compared to histology-based methods, imaging can reduce animal usage in preclinical studies. However, availability of dedicated scanners is limited. We evaluated clinical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic ...

Authors: Judith E. Spiro, Miriam Rinneburger, Dennis M. Hedderich, Mladen Jokic, Hans Christian Reinhardt, David Maintz, Moritz Palmowski and Thorsten Persigehl

Feasibility of CT quantification of intratumoural ¹⁶⁶Ho-microspheres

Microspheres loaded with radioactive ¹⁶⁶Ho (¹⁶⁶Ho-MS) are novel particles for radioembolisation and intratumoural treatment. Because of the limited penetration of β radiation, quantitative imaging of microsphere ...

Authors: R. C. Bakker, R. Bastiaannet, S. A. van Nimwegen, A. D. Barten-van Rijbroek, R. J. J. Van Es, A. J. W. P. Rosenberg, H. W. A. M. de Jong, M. G. E. H. Lam and J. F. W. Nijsen

Inverse Laplace transform and multiexponential fitting analysis of T2 relaxometry data: a phantom study with aqueous and fat containing samples

The inverse Laplace transform (ILT) is the most widely used method for T2 relaxometry data analysis. This study examines the qualitative agreement of ILT and a proposed multiexponential (Mexp method) regarding...

Authors: Georgios S. Ioannidis, Katerina Nikiforaki, Georgios Kalaitzakis, Apostolos Karantanas, Kostas Marias and Thomas G. Maris

Opening the black box of machine learning in radiology: can the proximity of annotated cases be a way?

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) systems, currently employed in medical image analysis, are data-driven models often considered as black boxes. However, improved transparency is needed to translate au...

Authors: Giuseppe Baselli, Marina Codari and Francesco Sardanelli

¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT validation of nigro-putaminal MRI tractography in dementia with Lewy bodies

Assessment of nigrostriatal degeneration is a key element to discriminate between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD), and it is often evaluated using ioflupane (¹²³I-FP-CIT) single-photon ...

Authors: Matteo Pardini, Flavio Nobili, Dario Arnaldi, Silvia Morbelli, Matteo Bauckneht, Roberto Rissotto, Carlo Serrati, Gianluca Serafini, Caterina Lapucci, Lucio Ghio, Mario Amore, Davide Massucco, Davide Sassos, Laura Bonzano, Giovanni Luigi Mancardi and Luca Roccatagliata

Deep learning detection and quantification of pneumothorax in heterogeneous routine chest computed tomography

Automatically detecting and quantifying pneumothorax on chest computed tomography (CT) may impact clinical decision-making. Machine learning methods published so far struggle with the heterogeneity of technica...

Authors: Sebastian Röhrich, Thomas Schlegl, Constanze Bardach, Helmut Prosch and Georg Langs

Free-breathing T2* mapping for MR myocardial iron assessment at 3 T

Timely diagnosis of cardiac iron overload is important for children with transfusion-dependent anaemias and requires modern measure methods. Nowadays, myocardial iron quantification is performed by magnetic re...

Authors: E. E. Nazarova, G. V. Tereshchenko, D. A. Kupriyanov, N. S. Smetanina and G. A. Novichkova

Tracked Foley catheter for motion compensation during fusion image-guided prostate procedures: a phantom study

Uncorrected patient or prostate motion may impair targeting prostate areas during fusion image-guided procedures. We evaluated if a prototype “tracked Foley catheter” (TFC) could maintain fusion image alignmen...

Authors: Graham R. Hale, Filippo Pesapane, Sheng Xu, Ivane Bakhutashvili, Neil Glossop, Baris Turkbey, Peter A. Pinto and Bradford J. Wood

Bone strain index in the prediction of vertebral fragility refracture

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can provide quantitative (bone mineral density, BMD) and qualitative (trabecular bone score, TBS) indexes of bone status, able to predict fragility fractures in most oste...

Authors: Fabio Massimo Ulivieri, Luca Petruccio Piodi, Luca Rinaudo, Paolo Scanagatta and Bruno Mario Cesana

Multiphase CT-based prediction of Child-Pugh classification: a machine learning approach

To evaluate whether machine learning algorithms allow the prediction of Child-Pugh classification on clinical multiphase computed tomography (CT).

Authors: Johannes Thüring, Oliver Rippel, Christoph Haarburger, Dorit Merhof, Philipp Schad, Philipp Bruners, Christiane K. Kuhl and Daniel Truhn

PRIMAGE project: predictive in silico multiscale analytics to support childhood cancer personalised evaluation empowered by imaging biomarkers

PRIMAGE is one of the largest and more ambitious research projects dealing with medical imaging, artificial intelligence and cancer treatment in children. It is a 4-year European Commission-financed project th...

Authors: Luis Martí-Bonmatí, Ángel Alberich-Bayarri, Ruth Ladenstein, Ignacio Blanquer, J. Damian Segrelles, Leonor Cerdá-Alberich, Polyxeni Gkontra, Barbara Hero, J. M. García-Aznar, Daniel Keim, Wolfgang Jentner, Karine Seymour, Ana Jiménez-Pastor, Ismael González-Valverde, Blanca Martínez de las Heras, Samira Essiaf…

Image quality of late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance with different doses of contrast material in patients with chronic myocardial infarction

Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is pivotal for evaluating chronic myocardial infarction (CMI). Concerns about safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents favour dose reduction. We assessed im...

Authors: Caterina Beatrice Monti, Marina Codari, Andrea Cozzi, Marco Alì, Lorenzo Saggiante, Francesco Sardanelli and Francesco Secchi

Paediatric haemodynamic modelling: development and experimental validation using quantitative flow MRI

Congenital vascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in paediatric age. Despite the importance of paediatric haemodynamics, large investigations have been devoted to the evaluation of circulation ...

Authors: Parvin Mohammadyari, Giacomo Gadda, Angelo Taibi and Josep Munuera del Cerro

Statistical significance: p value, 0.05 threshold, and applications to radiomics—reasons for a conservative approach

Here, we summarise the unresolved debate about p value and its dichotomisation. We present the statement of the American Statistical Association against the misuse of statistical significance as well as the propo...

Authors: Giovanni Di Leo and Francesco Sardanelli

Arterial CO₂ pressure changes during hypercapnia are associated with changes in brain parenchymal volume

The Monro-Kellie hypothesis (MKH) states that volume changes in any intracranial component (blood, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid) should be counterbalanced by a co-occurring opposite change to maintain int...

Authors: Lisa A. van der Kleij, Jill B. De Vis, Jeroen de Bresser, Jeroen Hendrikse and Jeroen C. W. Siero

Quantitative imaging: systematic review of perfusion/flow phantoms

We aimed at reviewing design and realisation of perfusion/flow phantoms for validating quantitative perfusion imaging (PI) applications to encourage best practices.

Authors: Marije E. Kamphuis, Marcel J. W. Greuter, Riemer H. J. A. Slart and Cornelis H. Slump

Patient organ and effective dose estimation in CT: comparison of four software applications

Radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) has become a topic of high interest due to the increasing numbers of CT examinations performed worldwide. Hence, dose tracking and organ dose calculation software are...

Authors: Cristina De Mattia, Federica Campanaro, Federica Rottoli, Paola Enrica Colombo, Andrea Pola, Angelo Vanzulli and Alberto Torresin

Effective dose and image optimisation of lateral lumbar spine radiography: a phantom study

To investigate lateral lumbar spine radiography technical parameters for reduction of effective dose whilst maintaining image quality (IQ).

Authors: Zer Hau Lai, Cláudia Sá dos Reis and Zhonghua Sun

Breast ultrasound: automated or hand-held? Exploring patients’ experience and preference

Our aim was to compare women’s experience with automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) versus breast hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) and to evaluate their acceptance rate.

Authors: Ilaria Mussetto, Licia Gristina, Simone Schiaffino, Simona Tosto, Edoardo Raviola and Massimo Calabrese

Integrating radiomics into holomics for personalised oncology: from algorithms to bedside

Radiomics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning figure amongst recent buzzwords in current medical imaging research and technological development. Analysis of medical big data in assessment and follow-up...

Authors: Roberto Gatta, Adrien Depeursinge, Osman Ratib, Olivier Michielin and Antoine Leimgruber

7-T clinical MRI of the shoulder in patients with suspected lesions of the rotator cuff

To evaluate feasibility and diagnostic performance of clinical 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder.

Authors: Andrea Lazik-Palm, Oliver Kraff, Stefan H. G. Rietsch, Mark E. Ladd, Michael Kamminga, Sascha Beck, Harald H. Quick and Jens M. Theysohn

Locally advanced rectal cancer: 3D diffusion-prepared stimulated-echo turbo spin-echo versus 2D diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown great value in rectal cancer imaging. However, traditional DWI with echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) often suffers from geometrical distortions. We applied a three-dimens...

Authors: Qinwei Zhang, Petra J. van Houdt, Doenja M. J. Lambregts, Baukelien van Triest, Marnix P. M. Kop, Bram F. Coolen, Gustav J. Strijkers, Uulke A. van der Heide and Aart J. Nederveen