Fig. 4

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and imaging of the spleen between responder versus non-responder. The baseline splenic hyperpolarized (HP) [1-¹³C]-pyruvate-to-tC ratio (%) was found to be significantly higher (a), whereas the HP [1-¹³C]-lactate-to-total carbon (tC) ratio (%) was 5.6-fold significantly lower (b), in responders compared to non-responders. There were no significant differences observed in the HP [1-¹³C]-alanine-to-tC ratio (c) and HP [.¹³C]-bicarbonate-to-tC ratio (d) as well as splenic volume (e) or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (f). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01