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European Radiology Experimental

Table 2 Clinical data and CMR parameters of the study population (sTTs, cTTS, and controls)

From: Takotsubo syndrome: left atrial and ventricular myocardial strain impairment in the subacute and convalescent phases assessed by CMR

Parameters

sTTS

cTTS

Controls

p-value

Population, n

19

31

30

-

Age, years

67 ± 14

63 ± 11

60 ± 11

0.111

Onset-to-CMR, days

5.3 ± 2

14.2 ± 6

 − 

0.001

Phenotype, n (%)

Apical

11 (58)

25 (81)

 − 

0.167

Mid

5 (26)

3 (10)

 − 

0.171

Basal

1 (5)

1 (3)

 − 

0.694

Focal

2 (11)

2 (7)

 − 

0.576

lvEF range, n (%)

 < 40%

3 (16)

3 (10)

 − 

0.103

40–50%

6 (32)

4 (13)

 − 

0.001

51–60%

7 (37)

14 (45)

8 (26)

0.323

 > 60%

3 (16)

10 (32)

23 (74)

 < 0.001

lvESV/BSA, mL/m2

40.6 ± 18.4

34.4 ± 14.1

23.9 ± 9.6

0.208

lvEDV/BSA, mL/m2

76.3 ± 19

73.8 ± 15.8

65.7 ± 10.6

0.634

lvEF, %

47.4 ± 11.9

54.8 ± 9.9

63.1 ± 5.9

0.028**

rvESV/BSA, mL/m2

33.3 ± 9.2

31 ± 11

31 ± 11

0.486

rvEDV/BSA, mL/m2

70.2 ± 15.4

71.2 ± 15.3

73 ± 14.7

0.832

rvEF, %

52.7 ± 7.1

56.4 ± 9.2

58 ± 8.1

0.165

laEDV, mL

63.8 ± 19.8

64.9 ± 25.2

59.7 ± 18.3

0.553

laS_r, %

18.9 ± 2.7

19.5 ± 3

24 ± 2.8

 < 0.001

laS_cd, %

7 ± 2.6

9.5 ± 3.5

12.5 ± 2.6

 < 0.001**

laS_bp, %

12.7 ± 2.6

9.8 ± 2

9.7 ± 1.9

0.001

laSR_r, l/s

0.8 ± 2

0.8 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

laSR_cd, l/s (median [iqr])

-0.7, (-1.2, -0.3)

-0.7, (-1.8, -0.3)

-1.1, (-2.0, -0.6)

 < 0.001

laSR_bp, l/s

-1.1 ± 0.3

-1 ± 0.3

-1.3 ± 0.5

0.078

laGRS, %

35.6 ± 11.4

36.7 ± 12.3

52.8 ± 9.8

0.001

lvGRS, %

23.2 ± 8.5

26.1 ± 7.2

33.6 ± 8.2

0.003

lvGCS, %

-14.5 ± 3.8

-16 ± 3.3

-21.8 ± 2.9

 < 0.001

lvGLS, %

-12.2 ± 3.9

-14.6 ± 3.8

-19.7 ± 2.6

 < 0.001**

lvGRSR, l/s

1.1 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.3

0.001

lvGCSR, l/s (median [iqr])

-0.7, (-1.1, -0.4)

-0.8, (-1.26, -0.9)

-1.0, (-1.2, -0.7)

 < 0.001

lvGLSR, l/s

-0.6 ± 0.2

-0.7 ± 0.2

-1.2 ± 0.6

 < 0.001

lvEDEMA, n (%)

16 (100)

31 (100)

0 (0)

 < 0.001

lvLGE, n (%)

1 (3)

2 (7)

0 (0)

0.369

  1. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation unless differently indicated
  2. BSA Body surface area, CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance, cTTS Convalescence phase takotsubo syndrome, EDV End-diastolic volume, EF Ejection fraction, ESV End-systolic volume, GCS Global circumferential strain, GCSR Global circumferential strain rate, GLS Global longitudinal strain, GLSR Global longitudinal strain rate, GRS Global radial strain, GRSR Global radial strain rate, la Left atrial, laS_bp Left atrial booster pump strain, laSR_bp Left atrial booster pump strain rate, laS_cd Left atrial conduit strain, laSR_cd Left atrial conduit strain rate, laS_r Left atrial reservoir strain, laSR_r Left atrial reservoir strain rate, LGE Late gadolinium enhancement, lv Left ventricular, sTTS Subacute phase takotsubo syndrome
  3. **p-values < 0.05 for all the comparisons (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis)
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