Fig. 2

A case example from the study. Flow streamlines of aortic forward flow (a). Quantification of aortic forward flow using the reformatted phase-contrast plane (b). Mitral inflow quantification using retrospective valve tracking procedures (c, d). Demonstration of total flow and conservation of mass principle, i.e., mitral forward flow (MFF) minus mitral backward flow (MBF) is equal to aortic forward flow (AFF) minus aortic backward flow ABF (e). Peak velocity through the aortic valve using three-dimensional streamlines to automatically trace the transvalvular peak (f). Echocardiography continuous Doppler method for peak velocity assessment through the aortic valve (g)