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Table 1 Characteristics of needle insertions

From: Robotic assistance for percutaneous needle insertion in the kidney: preclinical proof on a swine animal model

Parameter

n

Mean (SD)

Median (Q1; Q3)

Min; Max

Distance from skin entry point to target (mm)

8

50.9 (13.8)

52.5 (39.8; 59.5)

31.0; 73.0

Orbital angulations (°)

8

-11.1 (26.8)

-6.0 (-26.8; 3.9)

-59.8; 28.5

Cranio-caudal angulations (°)

8

21.3 (19.1)

16.8 (6.9; 35.6)

-0.8; 52.7

Time from the beginning of the procedure (turning on the device) to needle placement (min)

8

21.8 (7.5)

21.0 (15.5; 26.5)

13.0; 35.0

  1. Max Maximum, Min Minimum, Q1 Inferior quartile, Q3 Superior quartile, SD Standard deviation