Table 2 Cox regression analysis for overall survival with a restricted 2-year follow-up

Age, years

1.01 (0.98–1.03)

0.676

Sex male

1.18 (0.72–1.93)

0.512

Smoking

1.09 (0.66–1.81)

0.728

ASA score 3–4

2.18 (1.45–3.28)

< 0.001

2.35 (1.56–3.55)

< 0.001

2.47 (1.63–3.73)

< 0.001

cT stage 2–4

3.15 (1.91–5.21)

< 0.001

3.24 (1.96–5.37)

< 0.001

3.50 (2.11–5.81)

< 0.001

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

1.19 (0.62–2.29)

0.608

Previous pelvic surgery or radiotherapy

1.08 (0.68–1.70)

0.747

Muscle volume below median

1.66 (1.10–2.50)

0.016

1.62 (1.07–2.44)

0.022

Muscle volume

Quartile 4

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Quartile 3

0.93 (0.49–1.76)

0.821

0.99 (0.52–1.87)

0.964

Quartile 2

1.24 (0.68–2.26)

0.480

1.12 (0.62–2.05)

0.704

Quartile 1

1.99 (1.14–3.46)

0.015

2.26 (1.30–3.95)

0.004