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Table 3 Bland-Altman limits of agreement and bias (mean and SD). Interobserver agreement (n = 147), intraobserver agreement (n = 63)

From: The effect of forearm rotation on radiographic measurements of the wrist: an experimental study using radiostereometric analyses on cadavers

  

Bias, mean ± SD

Bias, 95% CI

Limits of agreement

Lower limit of agreement, 95% CI

Upper limit of agreement, 95% CI

Tilt

O1 Intraobserver

-1.25 ± 6.89

-2.99, 0.49

-14.76, 12.26

-17.79, -12.82

10.32, 15.29

O2 Intraobserver

-0.83 ± 3.99

-1.09, 0.92

-7.92, 7.75

-9.68, -6.79

6.63, 9.51

O1&2 Interobserver

-1.15 ± 7.11

-2.31, 0.01

-15.09, 12.80

-16.96, -13.70

11.40, 14.66

Radial inclination

O1 Intraobserver

1.27 ± 1.38

0.93, 1.62

-1.42, 3.97

-2.03, -1.04

3.58, 4.57

O2 Intraobserver

0.22 ± 1.53

-0.17, 0.61

-2.78, 3.23

-3.46, -2.35

2.79, 3.90

O1&2 Interobserver

-0.78 ± 2.08

-1.12, -0.44

-4.86, 3.29

-5.41, -4.45

2.89, 3.84

Ulnar variance

O1 Intraobserver

0.01 ± 0.79

-0.21, 0.20

-1.56, 1.55

-1.91, -1.34

1.33, 1.9

O2 Intraobserver

-0.3 ± 1.53

0.09, -0.68

-3.29, 2.70

-3.96, -2.86

2.27, 3.37

O1&2 Interobserver

0.29 ± 1.23

0.09, 0.49

-2.11, 2.69

-2.43, -1.87

2.45, 3.02

  1. CI Confidence interval, n Number of images, SD Standard deviation, O1 Observer 1, O2 Observer 2. Tilt and radial inclination are reported in degrees (negative values for dorsal tilt, positive values for palmar tilt, ulnar variance in millimeters)