Fig. 4
In vitro 1H-MRS detection of total choline (tCho) metabolic profile in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and in vivo MRS/MRS imaging clinical examinations of an EOC patient. a High-resolution 1H-MRS tCho profile of aqueous extracts of ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. b Scheme of phosphatidylcholine metabolism. c In vivo single-voxel 1H-MRS tCho peak in a EOC patient. d In vivo 1H-MRSI tCho map in the same EOC patient as in c. Details in references [44,45,46, 49]. Enzymes: ChoK, Choline kinase (EC 2.7.1.32); CT, Cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15); LPL, Lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5); PCT, Phosphocholine transferase (EC 2.7.8.2); PD, Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.2); PLA, Phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32); PLA2, Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4); PLC, Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3); PLD, Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4). Metabolites: CDP-Cho, Cytidine diphosphate-choline; Cho, Free choline; GPCho, Glycerophosphocholine; LPA, Lysophosphatidate; LPtdCho, Lysophosphatidylcholine; PCho, Phosphocholine; PtdCho, Phosphatidylcholine; tCho, Total choline-containing metabolites (GPCho + PCho + Cho). Adapted with permission from Podo et al. [49]