Table 1 Main settings in which radiomics and artificial intelligence could play a role for prostate cancer patient management, based on currently available evidence, with brief definitions of management strategies as discussed in this review
From: Beyond diagnosis: is there a role for radiomics in prostate cancer management?
| Â | What is it | Which patients | Possible issues | Potential applications of Radiomics/AI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Radiotherapy (RT) | Radiation-based radical treatment (external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy) | Locally confined primary disease; adjuvant treatment in patients undergoing RP; men with BCR after RP | Urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity, disease recurrence | Target delineation, treatment planning and dose optimisation, assessment of response |
Radical prostatectomy (RP) | Surgical removal of the prostate and the seminal vesicles (+/- pelvic lymph nodes) | Locally confined, intermediate-risk disease; selected cases of low-risk or high-risk and locally advanced disease | Urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, disease recurrence | Pre-operative risk stratification, loco-regional staging, surgical planning |
Active surveillance (AS) | Close monitoring of organ confined PCa (PSA, clinical examination, MRI, biopsy) | Men with life expectancy > 10 y and low-risk disease; selected cases of intermediate-risk disease | Inappropriately deferred curative radical treatment, disease progression | Risk stratification for patient enrolment, evaluation of disease progression |
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) | Rising PSA after primary treatments with curative intent (RP and RT) | Patients who underwent primary treatments with curative intent | Suboptimal predictive models, low sensitivity of imaging for recurrence detection | BCR prediction, recurrence detection |