Table 1 Previous/current and emerging liver imaging techniques for assessing steatosis, fibrosis, and focal lesions
From: Advances in liver US, CT, and MRI: moving toward the future
Imaging modality | Purpose | Previous/current techniques | Emerging techniques |
|---|---|---|---|
Ultrasound | Steatosis assessment | B-mode | Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) Backscatter coefficient Radiomics |
Fibrosis assessment | B-mode | Transient elastography Shear wave elastography (SWE) point SWE Radiomics | |
Focal liver lesions assessment | B-mode Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) | Novel Doppler techniques Three-dimensional CEUS | |
Computed tomography | Steatosis assessment | Single-energy | Dual-energy Spectral photon counting Radiomics |
Fibrosis assessment | Morphological changes | Hepatic extracellular volume fraction Perfusion Surface nodularity Radiomics | |
Focal liver lesions assessment | Multiphasic contrast-enhanced | Perfusion Spectral photon counting Radiomics | |
Magnetic resonance imaging | Steatosis assessment | Spectroscopy | Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) Radiomics |
Fibrosis assessment | Morphological changes | Elastography Contrast enhancement index Relative liver enhancement T1 mapping on hepatobiliary phase Perfusion | |
Focal liver lesions assessment | Multiphasic contrast-enhanced | Abbreviated protocols Radiomics |