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European Radiology Experimental
Fig. 2 | European Radiology Experimental

Fig. 2

From: Accuracy and precision of volumetric bone mineral density assessment using dual-source dual-energy versus quantitative CT: a phantom study

Fig. 2

a The European spine phantom contains three different inserts with different nominal design concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/cm3 HA for L1, L2, and L3, respectively. By application of specific software features for labeling of HA inserts (LiverLab; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research, Darmstadt, Germany), the trabecular bone (red area) was marked manually (yellow line). b Exemplary axial image of one HA insert showing the trabecular VOI (yellow line). c Three-dimensional reconstruction of the VOI which is depicted as a yellow formation. This VOI and the two DECT series (90 and Sn150 kVp) served as input for volumetric bone mineral density assessment using a second software tool (BMD Analysis; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research, Darmstadt, Germany), which works on material decomposition. HA, Hydroxyapatite; L, Lumbar vertebra equivalent; VOI, Volume of interest; DECT, Dual-energy computed tomography; BMD, Bone mineral density

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