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European Radiology Experimental
Fig. 1 | European Radiology Experimental

Fig. 1

From: Best MRI sequences for identifying axillary lymph node markers in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an inter-reader observational study

Fig. 1

A 55-year-old female with left breast multifocal invasive ductal carcinoma and biopsy proven metastatic axillary lymphadenopathy. A MammoMark® (Mammotome, Cincinnati, OH) U-shaped marker was placed after biopsy of an abnormally enlarged axillary lymph node. Initial staging magnetic resonance imaging performed 1 week after marker placement demonstrates susceptibility artifact from the marker within an abnormally enlarged lymph node on various sequences. a On the T2-weighted water-only image, the marker is dark and seen with high confidence. b On the T2-weighted fat-only image, the marker is seen with low confidence (arrow). c On the first contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled image, the marker is dark (arrow) and seen with high confidence. d On the unenhanced fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled image, the marker is dark (arrow) and seen with high confidence. e Post-seed localization mammogram demonstrates the marker (arrow) adjacent to a radioactive seed (arrowhead/chevron). f Surgical specimen shows marker (arrow) and radioactive seed (arrowhead/chevron) within the metastatic lymph node

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