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Table 4 Design and realisation of finger, liver, and tumour perfusion phantoms for quantitative perfusion imaging (PI)

From: Quantitative imaging: systematic review of perfusion/flow phantoms

Publication

Phantom design

PI application

Phantom application

1st author,

year [reference]

Configuration

(see Fig. 3)

Flow profile

Flow range

Motion simulation

Surrounding tissue simulation

Perfusion deficit simulation

Imaging modality

Contrast protocol

Blood flow model

Input variables

AIF

RF

MTT

BV

BF

Data comparison

Commercial

Finger phantom

 Sakano, 2015 [41]

2B

c

6–30 A

   

US

x

 

1, 3

 

x

     

Liver phantoms

 Gauthier, 2011 [42]

2B

c

130 A

   

US

x

 

3

 

x

x

  

H

 

 Low, 2018 [43]

3A

-

20.5 A

   

CT

x

 

1

       

Tumour phantom

 Cho, 2012 [44]

3A,3B

p

-

   

MRI

 

DWI

1, 4

 

x

     
  1. c Continuous, p Pulsatile, A in mL/min, B in mL/min/g, C in cm/s, FAIR Flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery, MBD Model-based deconvolution, 1-TCM Single tissue compartment model, DWI Diffusion weighted imaging, ASL Arterial spin labelling, SVD Singular value decomposition, MSM Maximum slope model, 1 = Phantom/patient characteristics, 2 = Contrast protocol, 3 = Imaging method, 4 = Flow quantification method, AIF Arterial input function, RF Response function, MTT Mean transit time, BV Blood volume, BF Blood flow, H Human, A Animal, M Mathematical