Fig. 2

Velocity vector plots of one representative heart and aortic flow curves for all five hearts. a Anatomical reference of the heart before the experiment. b Vector plots of intracardiac flow in the ejection phase. c Vortex formation and coronary filling in the aortic root of the heart during diastole. For better visualisation of intracardiac flow, d shows the vector plots of the segmented LV at end-systole and e at end-diastole, where vortex formation can be observed. f Net flow downstream to the aortic valve for all five experiments, measured in an ROI indicated in e. Ao Aorta, LA Left atrium, LAD Left anterior descending artery, LCX Left circumflex artery, LV Left ventricle, PA Pulmonary artery, PV Pulmonary vein, ROI Region of interst, RV Right ventricle